Brunei's history dates back to early Malay kingdoms that thrived on trade. By the 15th century, it became a powerful sultanate, controlling parts of Borneo and the Philippines. The British established a protectorate over Brunei in 1888, which lasted until independence in 1984. Brunei’s economy is heavily dependent on oil and gas, making it one of the wealthiest nations per capita in Asia. The country is ruled by an absolute monarchy under the Sultan of Brunei.
Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace, is a small sovereign state located on the northern coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by the South China Sea to the north and Malaysia to the south and east. Brunei has a land area of 5,765 square kilometers and a population of approximately 460,000 people as of 2023. The capital and largest city is Bandar Seri Begawan. The official language is Malay, and Islam is the state religion. Brunei is an absolute monarchy ruled by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, who serves as both head of state and head of government. The country's economy is heavily dependent on oil and natural gas production, which contribute significantly to its high standard of living. Brunei is a member of international organizations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.