Mauritania was historically part of Berber and Islamic empires before becoming a French colony. It gained independence in 1960 and has since experienced periods of political instability. The economy relies on mining, fishing, and agriculture, but the country faces challenges such as desertification and economic inequality.
Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in Northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest. Covering an area of approximately 1,030,000 square kilometers, it has a population of about 4.5 million people as of 2023. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott. The official language is Arabic, with French and local languages such as Pulaar, Soninke, and Wolof also spoken. Mauritania operates as a semi-presidential republic. The economy is based on agriculture, livestock, mining (particularly iron ore), and fishing. Mauritania is known for its desert landscapes, including part of the Sahara Desert, and its rich cultural heritage blending Arab and African influences. The country is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations, the African Union, and the Arab League.
