Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands. It shares a land border with Indonesia to the west and maritime borders with Australia to the south and the Solomon Islands to the east. Covering an area of approximately 462,840 square kilometers, it has a population of about 11.8 million people as of 2021. The capital and largest city is Port Moresby. The official languages are English, Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, and Papua New Guinean Sign Language, with over 800 indigenous languages spoken, making it one of the most linguistically diverse countries globally. Papua New Guinea operates as a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy, recognizing Charles III as head of state. The economy is primarily based on agriculture, mining, and petroleum. The country is known for its rich cultural diversity, with numerous ethnic groups and traditional societies. It is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Pacific Islands Forum.