Pakistan was part of the Indus Valley Civilization and later ruled by various empires, including the Mughals. It became independent from British India in 1947 as a Muslim-majority nation. Since then, Pakistan has faced political instability, conflicts with India, and economic challenges but remains a key regional power with a strong military and a growing economy.
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It shares land borders with India to the east, Afghanistan and Iran to the west, and China to the north, while having a coastline along the Arabian Sea to the south. Covering an area of approximately 881,913 square kilometers, Pakistan has a population of over 220 million people as of 2023, making it the world's fifth-most populous country. The capital is Islamabad, while the largest city is Karachi. The official languages are Urdu and English, with numerous regional languages spoken across the country. Pakistan operates as a federal parliamentary republic. The economy is semi-industrialized, with key sectors including textiles, agriculture, and services. Pakistan is known for its diverse cultures, landscapes ranging from mountains to deserts, and historical sites that reflect its rich heritage. The country is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
