Russia

Russia, officially the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world by land area, covering approximately 17.1 million square kilometers, and has a population of about 146 million people as of 2023. The capital and largest city is Moscow. The official language is Russian, with numerous regional languages recognized across its various republics and regions. Russia operates as a federal semi-presidential republic. The economy is classified as upper-middle income, with key sectors including natural resources (notably oil and natural gas), manufacturing, and services. Russia is known for its rich cultural heritage, contributions to arts and sciences, and diverse landscapes ranging from tundra to forests and mountains. The country is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.